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Sphere of fire
Sphere of fire is the name given in Ptolemaic astronomy to the sphere intervening between, and separating, the earth and the moon.
==Traditional concept==
The Middle Ages inherited the Aristotelian concept of the four elements of earth, water, air and fire as making up the sublunary world, arranged in concentric spheres about the earth as centre:〔J. B. Bury, ''The Cambridge Medieval History Vol VIII'' (1936) p. 669〕 as the purest of the four elements, fire - and the sphere of fire - stood highest in the ascending sequence of the scala naturae, and closest to the superlunary world of the aether.〔I. Rivers, ''Classical and Christian Ideas in English Renaissance Poetry'' (1994) p. 69 and p. 79〕 Dante and Beatrice in ''The Divine Comedy'' ascended through the sphere of fire to reach the Moon,〔Dante, ''Paradiso'' (Penguin 1975) p. 61〕 while three centuries later Benvenuto Cellini claimed in his autobiography to have bellowed so loud as to reach the sphere of fire.〔G. Bull transl., ''the Autobiography of Benvenuto Cellini'' (Penguin 1956) p. 345〕
The contemporary astronomer Jofrancus Offusius estimated the distance to the sphere of fire from the earth in terms of multiples of the earth's diameter, and believed that comets emanated from the space between the sphere of fire and the moon.〔B. Stephenson, ''The Music of the Heavens'' (2014) p. 60〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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